A resource can have more than one representation. The client states preferences with Accept headers:

Accept: text/html, application/json;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en, it;q=0.7
Accept-Encoding: br, gzip

The server chooses a supported option. Quality values such as q=0.8 make one option less preferred than another.

The server is not required to support every requested representation. An API may always return JSON. A site may use distinct URLs instead of negotiating language.

When a response changes according to a request header, caches need to know. A response such as Vary: Accept-Encoding tells a cache to keep different variants for different encoding preferences.

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